Energy use in the manufacturing sector, 2003

The rise in energy costs is mainly attributable to higher electricity prices. The average price of electricity rose by 9 per cent from 2002 to 2003. Combined with an increase in total energy use, this resulted in a 10.6 per cent increase in total energy costs.

Higher production in the energy-intensive sector resulted in increased consumption of energy in these industries in 2003. Manufacturing of basic metals had the highest increase in energy use from the previous year. Other sectors only experienced small changes in energy use, but higher electricity prices led to a change from electricity to other energy products.

More self-produced energy

Electricity was the dominating energy source in most industries and accounted for 58.7 per cent of the total energy consumption in 2003. The use of electricity was 48 214 GWh, a rise of 0.8 per cent from 2002. The metal industry had the highest electricity consumption, accounting for 56.7 per cent of the total electricity consumption in manufacturing, mining and quarrying. In this sector the electricity use increased by 8.6 per cent compared with 2002.

In manufacturing, higher energy costs resulted in increased consumption of self-produced energy.

Self-produced energy accounted for more than 20 per cent of the total energy consumption in 2003.

Within manufacturing of basic chemicals, refined petroleum products, wood products and the paper industry, self-produced energy covers a substantial part of the energy demand. In the paper industry and in the manufacturing of wood products self-produced wood waste and black liquor are used, whereas in the manufacturing of basic chemicals and refined petroleum products self-produced gas is used.

Gas is the second largest energy source in manufacturing, mining and quarrying. Purchased and self-produced gas together accounted for 16.5 per cent of the total energy use in 2003. The consumption of gas rose by 6.5 per cent from the previous year. The consumption of other energy products, such as petroleum products, coal products, wood waste, hazardous waste, steam and district heating also increased.

Variation in electricity prices between industries

The manufacturing, mining and quarrying companies paid an average of 19 øre per kWh for purchased energy in 2003. This represents an increase of 1.3 øre from 2002 (all prices exclusive of VAT). The average price of electricity rose by 1.6 øre to 19.2 øre per kWh. The prices of most other energy products increased too.

The price paid by the individual industries varies. Within manufacturing, manufacturers of electrical and optical products had the highest electricity price. These industries paid 50 øre per kWh of electricity in 2003. The metal industry had the lowest electricity price, at an average of 13.8 øre per kWh. The variations are due to different contract types in the different sectors.

Tables:

• Table 1 Energy consumption in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying. Overview. 2003
• Table 2 Energy consumption in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. Physical units. 2003
• Table 3 Energy consumption in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. GWh. 2003
• Table 4 Energy costs in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. 2003. NOK million
• Table 5 Energy prices by industry subclass and energy type. 2003
• Table 6 Energy consumption in establishments in maufacturing, mining and quarrying. Overview. 2002
• Table 7 Energy consumption in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. Physical units. 2002
• Table 8 Energy consumption in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. GWh. 2002
• Table 9 Energy costs in establishments in manufacturing, mining and quarrying, by industry subclass and energy type. 2002. NOK million
• Table 10 Energy prices by industry subclass and energy type. 2002