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Key figures
9 277
current account balance (NOK million)
4th quarter 2019 | 1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Current account: | |||||
Current account balance | 14 667 | 44 793 | -2 695 | 14 176 | 9 277 |
Balance of goods and services | 24 670 | 13 965 | -23 253 | -18 348 | 7 548 |
Balance of income and current transfers | -10 003 | 30 828 | 20 558 | 32 524 | 1 729 |
Capital transfers, patents, licenses etc, net | 224 | 288 | 758 | 10 | 2 |
Net lending (+)/ Net borrowing (-), current account transactions | 14 443 | 44 505 | -3 453 | 14 166 | 9 275 |
Financial account: | |||||
Opening balance | 8 614 716 | 8 746 871 | 8 757 290 | 9 239 041 | 9 547 615 |
Net lending (+)/ Net borrowing (-), financial account transactions | -162 215 | 59 641 | 17 862 | 41 413 | -70 606 |
Other changes | 294 370 | -49 222 | 463 889 | 267 161 | 285 450 |
Closing balance | 8 746 871 | 8 757 290 | 9 239 041 | 9 547 615 | 9 762 459 |
Net errors and omissions | -176 658 | 15 136 | 21 315 | 27 247 | -79 881 |
See selected tables from this statistics
Table 1
Financial account, transactions. By functional category and financial instrument. NOK million
4th quarter 2019 | 1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1Transactions in financial derivatives are included in other accounts receivable/payable under other investments in the balance of payments’ financial account. There is considerable uncertainty in the method used to calculate the transaction figures in derivatives, the figures under this item must therefore be used with some caution. | |||||
Foreign assets | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 34 702 | -263 | 225 | 16 703 | -13 350 |
Debt instruments | 22 703 | -17 377 | -25 125 | -4 829 | -18 438 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 37 336 | -14 367 | 92 969 | 27 105 | 36 351 |
Equity securities | 32 648 | -4 244 | 79 449 | 3 028 | 10 875 |
Investment Fund shares | 4 688 | -10 123 | 13 520 | 24 077 | 25 476 |
Debt securities | 108 410 | 112 592 | -123 498 | -49 302 | 99 982 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 0 | 186 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | -67 328 | 58 417 | -56 452 | 66 627 | -28 724 |
Loans | 52 760 | -82 700 | 60 668 | -72 007 | 54 928 |
Trade credits and advances | 5 938 | -17 857 | -8 002 | 6 188 | 16 090 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | -43 199 | 119 498 | -58 690 | 24 122 | -68 384 |
Reserve assets (IMF breakdown) | |||||
Assets - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | -179 | -482 | -25 | 5 | -1 303 |
Reserve position in the IMF | 1 363 | -13 683 | 9 424 | 474 | 5 967 |
Other reserve assets | -27 377 | 67 674 | 8 858 | -22 111 | -17 918 |
Liabilities | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 94 248 | -4 815 | -22 030 | 566 | -7 312 |
Reinvestment of earnings | 1 940 | 7 470 | 7 470 | 7 470 | 7 470 |
Debt instruments | 44 897 | -16 493 | -7 380 | 9 671 | -16 705 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 27 012 | 225 | -7 343 | 4 205 | 17 026 |
Equity securities | 24 347 | 1 314 | -14 994 | 3 320 | 5 226 |
Investment Fund shares | 2 665 | -1 089 | 7 651 | 885 | 11 800 |
Debt securities | 18 301 | -8 087 | 18 055 | 120 059 | -9 662 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | -25 979 | 76 025 | -6 264 | -123 134 | 38 804 |
Loans | 163 748 | -21 917 | -28 362 | -70 167 | 171 038 |
Trade credits and advances | 5 722 | -10 082 | 289 | 3 336 | 5 426 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | -48 051 | 141 792 | -64 782 | 8 822 | -61 537 |
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
NET LENDING, FINANCIAL ACCOUNT | -162 215 | 59 641 | 17 862 | 41 413 | -70 606 |
Table 2
International Investment Position. By functional category and financial instrument. NOK million
4th quarter 2019 | 1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Foreign assets | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 1 556 857 | 1 587 168 | 1 564 610 | 1 557 164 | 1 524 382 |
Debt instruments | 692 870 | 735 920 | 692 987 | 686 959 | 648 773 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 8 300 657 | 7 601 652 | 8 377 956 | 8 760 305 | 9 308 998 |
Equity securities | 7 930 621 | 7 261 085 | 8 001 931 | 8 345 838 | 8 852 936 |
Investment Fund shares | 370 036 | 340 567 | 376 025 | 414 467 | 456 062 |
Debt securities | 3 857 536 | 4 495 376 | 4 235 639 | 4 169 748 | 4 081 366 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 2 136 | 2 322 | 2 322 | 2 322 | 2 322 |
Currency and deposits | 768 641 | 947 069 | 842 635 | 916 846 | 834 370 |
Loans | 685 684 | 669 345 | 694 615 | 618 192 | 643 222 |
Trade credits and advances | 86 636 | 77 828 | 66 663 | 72 501 | 83 873 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 256 827 | 559 423 | 415 664 | 428 816 | 324 424 |
Reserve assets (IMF breakdown) | |||||
Assets - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 20 283 | 23 353 | 21 591 | 21 461 | 18 858 |
Reserve position in the IMF | 8 875 | 10 399 | 12 541 | 12 368 | 12 920 |
Other reserve assets | 558 761 | 713 047 | 684 969 | 661 960 | 610 406 |
Liabilities | |||||
Direct investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares/units | 1 188 209 | 1 144 367 | 1 136 160 | 1 142 344 | 1 155 000 |
Debt instruments | 719 273 | 753 550 | 725 997 | 732 994 | 691 027 |
Portofolio investment | |||||
Equity and Investment Fund shares | 1 012 881 | 814 311 | 886 267 | 947 300 | 1 041 664 |
Equity securities | 873 713 | 688 286 | 741 025 | 791 052 | 888 777 |
Investment Fund shares | 139 168 | 126 025 | 145 242 | 156 248 | 152 887 |
Debt securities | 2 550 540 | 2 863 040 | 2 757 428 | 2 883 513 | 2 714 453 |
Other investments | |||||
Other equity | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Currency and deposits | 1 511 338 | 1 739 443 | 1 675 253 | 1 542 774 | 1 519 000 |
Loans | 748 683 | 769 659 | 718 128 | 643 799 | 787 248 |
Trade credits and advances | 48 302 | 42 617 | 41 497 | 44 823 | 48 352 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 229 175 | 499 383 | 394 564 | 387 574 | 341 351 |
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 19 063 | 22 457 | 20 771 | 20 620 | 19 341 |
NET ASSETS | 8 746 871 | 8 757 290 | 9 239 041 | 9 547 615 | 9 762 459 |
Table 3
Current and capital account. NOK million
Current and capital account | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
4th quarter 2019 | 1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
Exports, total | 344 054 | 308 681 | 236 066 | 257 294 | 300 834 |
¬ Goods (FOB) | 246 493 | 215 597 | 156 274 | 177 819 | 216 018 |
¬¬ Crude oil and natural gas | 131 239 | 103 704 | 58 440 | 79 986 | 107 359 |
¬¬ Ships | 1 957 | 3 646 | 1 764 | 1 723 | 713 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various goods | 99 | 66 | 72 | 77 | 101 |
¬¬ Other goods | 113 198 | 108 181 | 95 998 | 96 033 | 107 845 |
¬ Services | 97 561 | 93 084 | 79 792 | 79 475 | 84 816 |
¬¬ Gross receipts, shipping | 27 530 | 26 218 | 24 277 | 23 386 | 23 245 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various services | 5 607 | 5 258 | 5 603 | 5 305 | 5 086 |
¬¬ Pipeline transport | 3 221 | 3 343 | 3 249 | 3 282 | 3 282 |
¬¬ Travel | 7 513 | 7 631 | 1 228 | 3 853 | 1 848 |
¬¬ Transport and communication | 11 051 | 10 466 | 7 636 | 7 993 | 8 878 |
¬¬¬ Land transport, export | 1 326 | 1 338 | 1 276 | 1 295 | 1 396 |
¬¬¬ Supply, export | 3 612 | 2 860 | 2 576 | 2 671 | 3 398 |
¬¬¬ Air transport, export | 3 578 | 3 504 | 1 357 | 1 621 | 1 544 |
¬¬¬ Services related to transport, export | 1 943 | 2 195 | 1 873 | 1 849 | 1 893 |
¬¬¬ Postal and courier services, export | 592 | 569 | 554 | 557 | 647 |
¬¬ Financial and business services | 25 614 | 26 077 | 23 471 | 22 544 | 26 390 |
¬¬¬ Financial and insurance services, export | 10 145 | 12 200 | 11 097 | 10 244 | 10 547 |
¬¬¬ Audit services, juridical- and technical services, export | 6 619 | 5 919 | 5 492 | 4 959 | 6 661 |
¬¬¬ Research and development, export | 1 142 | 1 187 | 797 | 878 | 1 155 |
¬¬¬ Other business services, export | 7 708 | 6 771 | 6 085 | 6 463 | 8 027 |
¬¬ Other services | 17 026 | 14 091 | 14 329 | 13 112 | 16 087 |
¬¬¬ Construction, repairs and installation, export | 4 569 | 3 179 | 3 512 | 2 914 | 3 341 |
¬¬¬ Recycle and trash handling, export | 1 567 | 1 643 | 1 388 | 1 603 | 1 762 |
¬¬¬ Retail trade, hotel and restaurant , export | 1 691 | 722 | 907 | 844 | 1 674 |
¬¬¬ Publishing, film, music and broadcasting services, export | 599 | 509 | 560 | 506 | 594 |
¬¬¬ Telecommunication services, export | 2 072 | 2 081 | 2 039 | 2 242 | 2 019 |
¬¬¬ Information services, export | 5 443 | 4 914 | 4 117 | 3 987 | 5 597 |
¬¬¬ Other personal and government services, export | 1 085 | 1 043 | 1 806 | 1 016 | 1 100 |
MEMO: Services export when import of goods FOB | 96 295 | 91 796 | 78 656 | 78 169 | 83 406 |
Imports, total | 319 385 | 294 716 | 259 320 | 275 643 | 293 286 |
¬ Goods (CIF) | 202 821 | 196 640 | 189 451 | 201 216 | 214 982 |
¬¬ Ships | 4 063 | 5 476 | 3 782 | 3 913 | 3 910 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various goods | 2 461 | 2 975 | 3 091 | 3 550 | 4 851 |
¬¬ Other goods | 196 297 | 188 189 | 182 578 | 193 753 | 206 221 |
MEMO: Import of goods FOB | 196 374 | 189 853 | 182 391 | 194 560 | 207 938 |
¬ Services | 116 564 | 98 076 | 69 869 | 74 427 | 78 304 |
¬¬ Operating costs shipping, excl. bunkers | 14 589 | 11 361 | 11 091 | 11 929 | 12 742 |
¬¬ Petroleum activities, various services | 8 250 | 6 559 | 7 148 | 6 513 | 7 283 |
¬¬ Travel | 33 033 | 24 782 | 974 | 5 967 | 2 506 |
¬¬ Transport and communication | 6 994 | 6 503 | 4 085 | 3 832 | 4 181 |
¬¬¬ Land transport, import | 18 | 19 | 19 | 19 | 18 |
¬¬¬ Ocean transport, import | 287 | 200 | 286 | 286 | 286 |
¬¬¬ Air transport, import | 2 547 | 2 056 | 150 | 402 | 262 |
¬¬¬ Services related to transport, import | 3 963 | 4 052 | 3 485 | 2 960 | 3 385 |
¬¬¬ Postal and courier services, import | 179 | 176 | 145 | 165 | 230 |
¬¬ Financial and business services | 25 999 | 24 121 | 22 867 | 21 057 | 24 339 |
¬¬¬ Financial and insurance services, import | 4 678 | 5 473 | 4 973 | 4 613 | 5 007 |
¬¬¬ Audit services, juridical- and technical services, import | 4 988 | 4 397 | 4 212 | 3 809 | 4 543 |
¬¬¬ Research and development, import | 1 089 | 731 | 896 | 809 | 1 100 |
¬¬¬ Other business services, import | 15 244 | 13 520 | 12 786 | 11 826 | 13 689 |
¬¬ Other services | 27 699 | 24 749 | 23 703 | 25 129 | 27 253 |
¬¬¬ Construction, repairs and installation, import | 5 089 | 4 333 | 4 888 | 5 130 | 5 553 |
¬¬¬ Recycle and trash handling, import | 1 037 | 1 130 | 1 061 | 1 117 | 1 139 |
¬¬¬ Retail trade, hotel and restaurant, import | 649 | 507 | 460 | 486 | 536 |
¬¬¬ Publishing, film, music and broadcasting services, import | 4 128 | 3 475 | 3 581 | 3 919 | 5 020 |
¬¬¬ Telecommunication services, import | 1 443 | 1 624 | 1 488 | 1 478 | 1 261 |
¬¬¬ Information services, import | 11 298 | 9 918 | 9 883 | 9 920 | 11 322 |
¬¬¬ Other personal and government services, import | 4 055 | 3 762 | 2 342 | 3 079 | 2 422 |
MEMO: Service import when import of goods FOB | 121 745 | 103 575 | 75 793 | 79 777 | 83 938 |
Balance of goods and services | 24 670 | 13 965 | -23 253 | -18 348 | 7 548 |
¬ Balance of goods | 43 672 | 18 957 | -33 177 | -23 397 | 1 036 |
¬ Balance of services | -19 002 | -4 991 | 9 924 | 5 049 | 6 512 |
From abroad | 96 569 | 119 285 | 105 669 | 94 805 | 92 944 |
¬ Compensation of employees | 1 363 | 1 409 | 1 344 | 1 374 | 1 395 |
¬ Interest received | 37 326 | 44 280 | 33 762 | 30 793 | 28 266 |
¬¬Direct investment, interst receivable | 4 328 | 4 100 | 3 330 | 3 107 | 3 346 |
¬¬Other investment, interest receivable | 32 998 | 40 180 | 30 432 | 27 686 | 24 920 |
¬ Dividends etc. | 49 232 | 56 367 | 57 912 | 51 370 | 49 575 |
¬¬Direct investment, dividends etc receivable | 15 796 | 8 077 | 8 610 | 7 791 | 18 412 |
¬¬Portfolio ivestment, dividends etc. receivable | 33 436 | 48 290 | 49 302 | 43 579 | 31 163 |
¬ Reinvested earnings | -1 981 | 795 | 795 | 795 | 795 |
¬ Current transfers | 10 629 | 16 434 | 11 856 | 10 473 | 12 913 |
To abroad | 106 572 | 88 457 | 85 111 | 62 281 | 91 215 |
¬ Compensation of employees | 10 832 | 8 933 | 8 818 | 9 007 | 9 563 |
¬ Interest paid | 22 685 | 29 312 | 24 489 | 15 980 | 15 853 |
¬¬Direct investment, interest payable | 6 048 | 4 980 | 3 447 | 3 475 | 3 670 |
¬¬Other investment, interest payable | 16 637 | 24 332 | 21 042 | 12 505 | 12 183 |
¬ Dividends etc. | 35 856 | 17 721 | 15 292 | 4 207 | 16 775 |
¬¬Direct investment, dividends etc. payable | 30 833 | 13 982 | 10 283 | 3 250 | 13 100 |
¬¬Portfolio investment, dividends etc. payable | 5 023 | 3 739 | 5 009 | 957 | 3 675 |
¬ Reinvested earnings | 2 676 | 8 157 | 8 429 | 8 011 | 8 087 |
¬ Current transfers from general government | 17 861 | 7 873 | 11 755 | 8 354 | 22 541 |
¬ Other current transfers | 16 662 | 16 461 | 16 328 | 16 722 | 18 396 |
Balance of income and current transfers | -10 003 | 30 828 | 20 558 | 32 524 | 1 729 |
¬ Compensation of employees and investment income (Primary income), net | 13 891 | 38 728 | 36 785 | 47 127 | 29 753 |
¬ Current transfers (Secondary income), net | -23 894 | -7 900 | -16 227 | -14 603 | -28 024 |
Current account balance | 14 667 | 44 793 | -2 695 | 14 176 | 9 277 |
Capital transfers to abroad, net | 105 | 298 | 758 | 10 | 1 |
Acquisitions of patents, licenses etc. net | 119 | -10 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Net lending | 14 443 | 44 505 | -3 453 | 14 166 | 9 275 |
Table 4
Current and capital account. Country breakdown. Current prices. NOK million
Balance of goods | Balance of services | Current account balance | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | 2018 | 2019 | |
The world | 275 167 | 137 714 | -71 392 | -80 327 | 282 642 | 90 629 |
EU | 396 317 | 273 896 | -31 512 | -33 171 | 260 841 | 131 837 |
Other European countries | -15 031 | -15 269 | -3 329 | -3 481 | -22 385 | -18 491 |
Africa | 11 053 | 2 631 | -580 | -557 | 35 969 | 14 006 |
North-America | -18 945 | -29 935 | 14 058 | 14 416 | -9 083 | -48 882 |
Central- and South America | -9 262 | -11 816 | 244 | -119 | -4 088 | -25 446 |
Asia, Oceania & Polar regions | -67 075 | -52 423 | 2 378 | 1 700 | -61 500 | -42 968 |
Table 5
International Investment Position. By functional category and selected countires. NOK million
Total | Direct investment | Portofolio investment | Other investments | Reserve assets | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
Foreign assets | ||||||||||
All countries | 17 928 111 | 18 110 635 | 2 244 123 | 2 173 155 | 12 930 053 | 13 390 364 | 2 058 146 | 1 904 932 | 695 789 | 642 184 |
United States | 5 431 359 | 5 543 961 | 334 323 | 322 079 | 4 603 319 | 4 798 366 | 171 874 | 106 245 | 321 843 | 317 271 |
United Kingdom | 1 381 307 | 1 353 280 | 159 666 | 167 417 | 753 820 | 811 127 | 413 139 | 327 914 | 54 682 | 46 822 |
Japan | 970 748 | 1 089 847 | 12 393 | 12 936 | 897 020 | 1 024 393 | 6 605 | 6 146 | 54 730 | 46 372 |
Germany | 1 197 631 | 1 152 370 | 53 652 | 59 560 | 761 580 | 736 076 | 313 192 | 281 590 | 69 207 | 75 144 |
Sweden | 1 049 874 | 1 096 995 | 205 485 | 232 846 | 529 839 | 558 172 | 313 158 | 304 658 | 1 392 | 1 319 |
Switzerland | 466 937 | 460 333 | 12 040 | 12 217 | 420 609 | 416 839 | 29 081 | 27 252 | 5 207 | 4 025 |
China | 160 551 | 180 350 | 9 127 | 9 300 | 145 684 | 159 284 | 5 648 | 9 473 | 92 | 2 293 |
Liabilities | ||||||||||
All countries | 8 380 496 | 8 348 176 | 1 875 338 | 1 846 027 | 3 830 813 | 3 756 117 | 2 674 345 | 2 746 032 | 0 | 0 |
Luxembourg | 1 031 906 | 1 049 131 | 45 625 | 45 721 | 953 407 | 965 119 | 32 874 | 38 291 | 0 | 0 |
United Kingdom | 850 860 | 914 233 | 56 017 | 73 890 | 483 555 | 525 422 | 311 288 | 314 921 | 0 | 0 |
United States | 999 232 | 873 433 | 102 110 | 104 689 | 550 120 | 550 738 | 347 002 | 218 006 | 0 | 0 |
Sweden | 727 465 | 869 281 | 94 839 | 105 881 | 132 271 | 184 471 | 500 355 | 578 929 | 0 | 0 |
China | 17 083 | 21 597 | 10 648 | 10 310 | 93 | 2 454 | 6 342 | 8 833 | 0 | 0 |
Table 6
External debt. NOK million
1st quarter 2020 | 2nd quarter 2020 | 3rd quarter 2020 | 4th quarter 2020 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1The external debt position shows the gross debt for the main institutional sectors. Shares and other equity are not included in the statistics. | ||||
General government | 872 240 | 760 369 | 749 347 | 836 979 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 18 257 | 15 057 | 14 345 | 11 268 |
Loans | 161 041 | 88 929 | 85 052 | 231 279 |
Trade credits and advances | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 116 686 | 73 832 | 83 524 | 30 913 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 375 143 | 384 419 | 381 596 | 376 924 |
Loans | 201 111 | 198 132 | 184 829 | 186 594 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Central bank | 70 643 | 136 331 | 44 563 | 35 951 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 11 574 | 44 387 | 24 | 24 |
Debt securities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 25 236 | 34 161 | 23 873 | 16 563 |
Long-term | ||||
Liabilities - Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) | 22 457 | 20 771 | 20 620 | 19 341 |
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Loans | 11 376 | 37 012 | 46 | 23 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Deposit-taking corporations except the central bank | 3 885 684 | 3 587 414 | 3 619 428 | 3 486 636 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 1 554 897 | 1 487 247 | 1 388 333 | 1 370 999 |
Debt securities | 91 557 | 68 113 | 158 810 | 139 618 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 287 170 | 248 954 | 237 098 | 252 994 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 172 972 | 143 619 | 154 417 | 147 977 |
Debt securities | 1 779 088 | 1 639 481 | 1 680 770 | 1 575 048 |
Loans | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other sectors | 1 144 438 | 1 158 957 | 1 144 521 | 1 100 919 |
Short-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 3 980 | 4 844 | 8 370 | 8 792 |
Loans | 21 257 | 25 903 | 25 135 | 27 084 |
Trade credits and advances | 42 615 | 41 497 | 44 823 | 48 351 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 105 701 | 72 565 | 77 428 | 71 330 |
Long-term | ||||
Currency and deposits | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Debt securities | 595 015 | 645 514 | 639 622 | 602 803 |
Loans | 374 874 | 368 152 | 348 737 | 342 268 |
Trade credits and advances | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other accounts recievable/payable | 996 | 482 | 406 | 291 |
Direct investment | 753 550 | 725 997 | 732 994 | 691 027 |
SUM TOTAL | 6 726 555 | 6 369 068 | 6 290 853 | 6 151 512 |
See all figures from this statistics
09401: Current and capital account. Annual figures. Current prices (NOK million)
09672: Current and capital account.Quarterly figures. Current prices (NOK million)
10740: Financial account. Quarterly figures. Current prices (NOK million)
10173: Items from the current account, by selected countries and regions (NOK million)
10174: Agregated Items from the current account, by selected countries (NOK million)
About the statistics
The international accounts give an overview of the economic relationships between Norwegian residents and nonresidents. They comprise the international investment position (IIP), including other changes in financial assets and liabilities, and the balance of payments (BOP).
As of 2020, the BOP and IIP Statistics are presented together under the heading International accounts. The international account consists of the current account, the capital account and the financial account. The current account shows exports and imports and other international transfers. The capital account shows capital transfers and transactions in intangible assets. The financial account shows net foreign financial assets and liabilities.
Definitions
-
The BOP is a statistical statement of all transactions made between entities in one country and the rest of the world over a defined period of time, such as a quarter or a year. The IIP is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents, and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents. The difference between the assets and liabilities is the net position in the IIP and represents either a net claim on or a net liability to the rest of the world.
The Norwegian BOP and IIP is presented in accordance with the latest internationally approved guidelines. These are specified in "The Balance of Payments Manual, 6th edition" (BPM6), published by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The underlying principles and definitions presented in the BPM6 are in full accordance with the international statistical framework for the National Accounts, as laid down in the manual "System of National Accounts 2008" (2008 SNA). 2008 SNA is a joint publication by several international organizations, including the United Nations and the IMF.
The European Union (EU) has compiled its own edition of the National Accounts manual, "European System of Accounts 2010" (ESA 2010), which accommodates special conditions in member countries. According to the European Economic Area Agreement (EEA Agreement), Norway is obligated to comply with ESA 2010. The reporting of National Accounts data, as well as BOP and IIP data, to EU's statistical office Eurostat, has a legal basis in regulation (EC) No 184/2005.
Basic concepts and recording principles
Like the National Accounts, the BOP and IIP accounts are constructed around three basic concepts: statistical units, economic values and transactions. Briefly, the accounting systems describe transactions and positions between statistical units in which economic values are provided or received in exchange for other economic values.
- Statistical units are institutional units which make economic decisions on an independent basis and can present complete accounts for their activities. The institutional unit normally coincides with a body corporate, e.g. a limited liability company or legal person.
- Economic items can either be real resources, i.e. goods and services, or financial items representing various claims and liabilities.
- The basic criterion for entering a transaction in the BOP or a position in the IIP, is that it involves an exchange between a domestic entity (resident) and a foreign entity (non-resident). Residents are institutional units that engage and intend to continue to engage in economic activities and transactions within a country's territory, with one year or more serving as the conventional guideline.
Positions
Positions are shown as the value of a financial item which, for example, an enterprise is in possession of at a point in time. Financial objects can be, for example, shares, other securities or different types of loans. In principle, stocks must be registered at market value. See description of valuation below.
Transactions
A transaction should in principle be allocated to the period in which there is a change of ownership of the economic value. Conventionally, it is often said that a change of ownership has taken place when both parties of the transaction enters the transaction in their books or accounts. In the case of exports and imports of goods, it is the moment that the goods cross the border and are registered through customs declarations, that determines the time of recording of the transaction and consequently the change of ownership.
All transactions shall be valued at market prices. Market prices are defined as amounts of money that buyers pay to acquire something from sellers; the exchanges are made between independent parties and based on commercial considerations only. Total exports and total imports shall be recorded at free-on-board (f.o.b.) prices. F.o.b prices are the value when passing the border of the country of exports. On a detailed commodity level, cost-insurance-freight (c.i.f.) prices are used for imports, i.e. including transport and insurance costs up to the border of the importing country. The exchange rate on the transaction date or the average rate for the shortest period applicable shall be used for converting transactions in foreign currencies into the national currency. Stocks of assets and liabilities are to be valued at prices or rates in effect at the time to which the balance sheet relates.
Other changes
Income and expenditure are defined in the National Accounts and BoP excluding gains and losses, irrespective of whether they are realised or unrealised. Such items, however, help to explain total balance sheet changes that take place during a period and are registered on the account for revaluation.
Income and expenditure
Income and expenditure are defined in the National Accounts and BoP excluding gains and losses, irrespective of whether they are realised or unrealised. Such items, however, help to explain total balance sheet changes that take place in the course of a period and are registered on the account for revaluation.
Assets and liabilities
Assets and liabilities are the components of the balance sheets of the total economy and institutional sectors. In contrast to the accounts that show economic flows, a balance sheet shows the positions of assets and liabilities held at one point in time by each unit or sector or the economy as a whole.
An asset is a store of value representing a benefit or series of benefits accruing to the economic owner by holding or using the entity over a period of time. It is a means of carrying forward value from one accounting period to another.
A liability is established when one unit (the debtor) is obliged, under specific circumstances, to provide a payment or series of payments to another unit (the creditor).
Double entry bookkeeping
International Accounts are based on the rules for double entry bookkeeping. All transactions are represented by two entries, a credit and debit entry. Most transactions are those in which economic items are provided or received in exchange for other economic items, entailing that offsetting credit and debit entries will normally be registered.
For example, exports of a good will be registered in External Trade Statistics and recorded as a credit entry in the current account, whereas the accompanying increase in foreign assets, e.g. in the form of increased deposits abroad, is registered in financial account and recorded as a transaction on the debit side of the BOP accounts. In other cases when items are given away rather than exchanged, or a recording is one-sided for other reasons, there is only one recording in the data sources. In these cases, a counter entry is constructed, in this example in the form of a transfer so that the double entry requirement is satisfied.
Structure
The International Accounts is an integrated part of the National Accounts and is constructed as a mirror image of the institutional sector "Rest of the World" in the National Accounts. In the BOP and IIP, transactions and positions are seen from Norway's point of view, while in the institutional sector accounts they will be seen from the perspective of the rest of the world. A surplus on Norway's current account will in the National Accounts appear as a deficit for the sector "Rest of the World".
The BOP consists of three main parts: a current account, which shows current transactions with the rest of the world, a capital showing capital transactions, and a financial account, which records investment transactions in the form of purchases and sales of financial instruments.
The table below illustrates the statement of transactions and positions in the BoP and IIPs (eller IAs) current, capital and financial accounts:
1) Current account balance
Balance of goods and services
Balance of income and current transfers2) Capital transfers to abroad, net
3) Net lending, current- and capital account
4) Financial account, assets/liabilities
Direct investment
Portfolio investment
Other investment
Reserve assets5) Net lending, financial account
6) Errors and omissions
The financial statements are presented as shown in the following table, broken down by functions (direct investment, portfolio investment, other financial investment and international reserves):
7) The financial position of at the beginning of the reference period
8) Investments during period (asset)
9) Borrowing
10) Gains, losses and other changes (netto)
11) The financial position of at the end of the reference period
Following definitions applies
The relationship between current- and capital account and the transactions in the financial account:
1+ 2 =3
4 assets – 4 liabilities = 5
3 – 5 = 6
Consistent International Accounts requires:
(3) = (5)
The relationship between positions and change in positions in the financial account:
7 + 8 – 9 + 10 = 11
Description of the accounts
The definitional relationship between the current account and the financial account is that a current account surplus, adjusted for net capital transfers and net acquisitions of patents and copyrights etc, increases net foreign assets (or reduces net liabilities), while a deficit on the current account will reduce net assets (or increase net liabilities).
The current account comprises, first, exports and imports of goods and services, with the balance of goods and services as a balancing item. In addition, data are provided for compensation of employees, investment income and expenditure as well as current transfers to and from the rest of the world. The balance for this component is net income and current transfers. The total balance of the current account is the sum of the balances of these two components.
The capital and financial account shows how transactions recorded in the current account result in changes in foreign assets and liabilities, and in addition to purchases and sales of financial instruments includes capital transfers. This entails that the balance on the current account must be adjusted for net capital transfers in order to arrive at net lending.
The financial account also includes transactions that do not have a counter entry in the current account. One example would be a resident who uses funds in a foreign bank account to repay a loan raised abroad.
Net lending
Total asset transactions less total liability transactions result in net lending. By adjusting net lending for valuation changes and other balance sheet changes not caused by transactions2, we arrive at changes in Norway's net foreign assets/liabilities.
Net lending, current account =
Current account balance + Capital transfers to abroad, net - non-financial net investment (?)Net lending, financial account = Net acquiring of financial assets – net borrowing
Net errors and omissions are derived from net lending from the two accounts and can be derived from the current account minus the same item derived from the financial accounts. Although the BoP accounts are, in principle, balanced, imbalances occur due to imperfections in source data and compilation.
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In addition to the classifications and categories described in the international BOP, IIP and National Accounts manuals, it may be mentioned that the Norwegian BOP, IIP and National Accounts make use of the product classification CPA (Classification of Products by Activity) of the EU and sector of the BPM6, 2008 SNA and ESA 2010. For more details, please check https://www.ssb.no/en/klass/klassifikasjoner/39.
Country Codes are based on the International Standard ISO 3166.
Functional categories
Direct investment
Direct investment is a cross-border financial investment made by an investor for the purpose of acquiring a lasting interest in a foreign enterprise, and exerting a degree of influence on that enterprise's operations. An investment by owning 20 per cent or more of the ordinary shares is considered always a direct investment. The establishment of a subsidiary abroad is an example of a direct investment.
Portfolio investment
Portfolio investment covers transactions in equities, other securities, and financial derivatives, except where these transactions relate to direct investment or reserve assets category. The Government Pension Fund – Global is not part of the reserve assets, though it is owned by the government and administrated by Norges Bank. This is therefore treated as portfolio investment as concerns investment abroad. Most important are shares and other equities, bonds and money market instruments (certificates and Treasury bills).
Other investments
Other financial investments is a residual category that covers all investments that are not included in direct investment, portfolio investments and international reserves.
Reserve assets
Reserve assets consist of those external assets that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for direct financing of payment imbalances, for indirectly regulating the magnitude of such imbalances through intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate and /or other purposes. In Norway, Norges Bank have reserve assets. International reserves basically consist of assets only, i.e. any foreign central banks' holdings of assets in Norway (for instance Norwegian securities) are not considered "reserve liabilities", but as portfolio investment in Norway.
The classification of financial assets and liabilities
The financial accounts include a limited number of financial instrument groups with detailed claims and debt items in the balance sheets of institutional units. The financial instrument links one entity claims to another sector’s debt items. The financial instruments are grouped in claim and debt items with similar economic functions. For example, the payment function is characteristic of coins, notes and salary accounts, while credit is procured through different types of loans. In addition, the liquidity ratio has been the determinant factor for the ranking of financial assets in the classification.
Classification of financial assets and liabilities in the financial accounts is based on the recommendations of the SNA 2008 and ESA 2010. The classifications are described below:
Equity and other shares
The instrument includes ordinary shares in limited liability companies, shares in general partnerships and shares in mutual funds. Shares in foreign companies are also included. Furthermore, the instrument includes tradable Norwegian equity certificates and general government capital contributions in public enterprises and the state lending institutions.
Dept securities
Comprise short and long-term securities. Short-term securities is defined as negotiable securities with original maturity of maximum one year, while long-term securities comprise instruments defined as tradable standardised debentures with original maturity of more than one year.
Currency and deposits
Comprise Norwegian and foreign notes and coins, all types of deposits with commercial banks and savings banks, Norges Bank and foreign banks.
Loans
This financial instrument includes lending forms other than tradable debentures and certificates. Short-term loans are mainly quantified on the basis of the specifications in accounting statistics for financial corporations. The instrument comprises building loans, factoring, bank overdrafts, operating and working credit. Long-term loans comprise all loans other than short-term loans (mortgage bond issues, other medium and long-term repayment loans and financial leasing).
Trade credits
Financial claims arising from the direct extension of credit by suppliers and buyers for goods and services.
Insurance technical reserves
The instrument includes individual insurance savings and group insurance savings in private life insurance companies and total capital in autonomous municipal and private pension funds. Prepayments of premiums and reserves against outstanding claims in non-life insurance companies are also included.
Other claims
Comprise claims and debt that is due to differences in timing between transactions and payments. For example credit extended to a customer/supplier credit, deferred tax claims/liabilities. Included are also other financial items that do not belong to the previously listed instruments. Derivatives recorded in the accounting statistics are included.
Reserve assets/liabilities IMF
The foreign exchange reserves and claims on the International Monetary Fund (IMF) together constitute Norges Bank's international reserves. Claims on the IMF consist of three components: SDR accounts (Special Drawing Rights), reserve positions in the IMF and loans to the IMF (Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility).
Valution
Market value
Market prices are defined as amounts of money that willing buyers pay to acquire something from willing sellers; the exchanges are made between independent parties and on the basis of commercial considerations only. The exchange rate on the position date or the average rate for the shortest period applicable shall be used for converting positions in foreign currencies into the national currency. Stocks of assets and liabilities are to be valued at prices or rates in effect at the time to which the balance sheet relates.
Administrative information
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Name: International accounts
Topic: External economy
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Division for National Accounts
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National level.
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Quarterly statistics. The first version for quarter k t is published after k+60 days, followed by revisions in the following quarterly publications. The final version is published in August/September year t+2.
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Reporting to Eurostat, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Organization for Economic Co-orporation and Development (OECD) and Bank for International Settlement (BIS).
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Microdata are based on different sources.
Background
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The purpose of the BOP and IIP Statistics is to provide reliable information on residents of Norway’s economic relationships with non-residents. The statistics are an integrated part of the National Accounts using the same principles and definitions.
The statistics is set to meet the international requirements given in the BPM. The international guidelines in BPM are revised during the last several years, with the latest update published in 2009 by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The sixth edition of the manual, BPM6, is the current version and is implemented in the Norwegian BOP and IIP Statistics in December 2014. Back data based on the guidelines from BPM6 is implemented in both the current- and capital account and the financial account.
The current- and capital account has time series going back to 1981, while the financial account has time series going back to 2005 (BOP) and 2012 (IIP). The current- and capital account has time series going back to 1981.
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The main users are international organizations, IMF, Eurostat, OECD and BIS. The Balance of Payments and the International investment position are used by market analytics within finance and the business sector in general, and by governmental agencies for economic policy purposes. Used in the National Accounts, the BOP and the IIP give an exact mirror image of the sector Rest of The World in the national Accounts.
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No external users have access to the statistics and analyses before they are published and accessible simultaneously for all users on ssb.no at 08.00 am. Prior to this, a minimum of three months' advance notice is given in the Statistics Release Calendar. This is one of Statistics Norway’s key principles for ensuring that all users are treated equally.
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The IIP and the BOP have the same principles and detailing levels. IIP shows the positions of assets and liabilities abroad each quarter. The positions together with the transactions, revaluations and other volume changes give a consistent picture of the financial part of the external sector.
Full integration with the National Accounts makes the Norwegian BOP and IIP data consistent with both the exports and the imports figures and financial figures for the Rest of the World Account of the National Accounts.
The BOP has a somewhat broader scope compared to the External Trade in Goods statistics. The main deviations are that BOP includes as exports goods delivered to non-resident carriers in Norwegian ports, goods other than oil and gas exported directly from the Norwegian continental shelf, imports of fuel to Norwegian carriers in foreign ports, and direct imports of goods to the Norwegian continental shelf. In addition, the BOP converts exports and imports of certain types of goods as registered in the external trade statistics into exports and imports of services.
A table of the external debt statistics can be found under “tables”. The external debt statistics is based on the guidelines in BPM6 and External Debt Statistics: Guide for Compilers and Users. The quarterly data from the IIP statistics is the basis of the external debt statistics. The gross external debt liabilities equals the debt liabilities in the IIP statement, i.e., total IIP liabilities excluding all equity (equity shares and other equity) and investment fund shares. The first level of disaggregation of the external debt is by institutional sector. The second level of disaggregation is by maturity of external debt, and the third level of disaggregation is by type of debt instrument.
In the BOP and IIP Statistics there is a classification on functional categories, one of them being direct investment. There is a separate annual statistics on Direct investment published by Statistics Norway. The two statistics follows different principles and will therefore show different figures. Statistics Norway also publishes Portfolio investment abroad, and the statistics follows the same international guidelines as the IIP.
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The main part of the data is collected under the provisions of the Statistics Act and the Act on the Supervision of Credit Institutions, Insurance Companies and Securities Trading etc.
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EU-regulations incorporated in the EEA-agreement define the scope of the statistics. The following regulations apply to the BOP and IIP -statistics:
- REGULATION (EC) No 184/2005 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 January 2005 on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 1055/2008 of 27 October 2008 implementing Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards quality criteria and quality reporting for balance of payments statistics
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1227/2010 of 20 December 2010 amending Regulation (EC) No 1055/2008 implementing Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council, as regards quality criteria and quality reporting for balance of payments statistics
- COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 555/2012 of 22 June 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No 184/2005 of the European Parliament and of the Council on Community statistics concerning balance of payments, international trade in services and foreign direct investment, as regards the update of data requirements and definitions
- REGULATION (EC) No 716/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on Community statistics on the structure and activity of foreign affiliates
Production
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The scope of the Balance of Payments and International investment position is defined in international guidelines in the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual (BPM6), System of National Accounts (2008 SNA, published by the UN, OECD, IMF, World Bank and the European Commission) and the European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010).
Like the National Accounts, the IIP and BOP accounts are constructed around three basic concepts: statistical units, economic values and transactions. Briefly, the accounting systems describe transactions between statistical units in which economic values are provided or received in exchange for other economic values. The Balance of Payments shall in principle include all transactions between unit’s resident of the Norwegian economic territory and non-resident units. See below for more about the sample that’s behind the BoP statistics.
The delineation of the economy towards the rest of the world is based on the concept of resident units. A unit is a resident unit when it has a centre of economic interest in the economic territory in question, i.e. when it is engaged in economic activity in a territory for a long period of time (at least one year).
The Norwegian economic territory includes mainland Norway together with the Norwegian part of the Continental Shelf, Svalbard and Jan Mayen with Bjørnøya.
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The BOP and IIP statistics are based on data collected by other divisions in Statistics Norway.
The main sources for the current- and capital account;
- External trade in goods
- Petroleum Statistics
- Sample survey, non-financial enterprises,non-financial corporations and financial institutions not under supervision
- Structural Business Statistics, Ocean Transport
- Annual accounting statistics for the general government.
- Quarterly accounting statistics for financial corporations under supervision
- Travel survey
The main sources for the financial account;
- Quarterly accounting statistics for financial corporations under supervision. Positions are reported and some transactions (equity, other debt securities and loans) and some revaluations (exchange rate changes and other price changes) quarterly and annually.
- Quarterly accounting statistics for non-financial corporations and financial institutions not under supervision. Positions and revaluations are reported quarterly and annually.
- Annual accounting statistics for the general government. Positions and revaluations (exchange rate changes and other price changes) are reported.
- Quarterly data from the Norwegian Central Securities Depository (VPS) and data from a separate survey on mutual funds. Positions and transactions are reported.
Data collected for non-financial corporations and mutual funds are based on sample surveys. See each survey for more information on sampling, for example sample survey and how to choose the sample. For areas with incomplete statistical coverage, it is necessary to do estimations or use supplementary sources such as tax returns.
All major Norwegian financial and non-financial enterprises are covered in the BOP and IIP-statistics.
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For most of the BOP and IIP items the figures used are as shown in the primary sources, as mentioned in the “Data source and sampling” section. Others are derived through estimations of which the most important are:
Current account
Services and income flows are estimated on quarterly basis by using the change as observed in the sampling survey data combined with last known annual totals. This estimation procedure is the same used in Quarterly National Accounts.
Reinvestment of earnings
Reinvestment of earnings is included in both the current and financial account. Reinvestment of earnings arising from a direct investor’s equity in its direct investment enterprise is calculated based on accounting variables profit and dividends.
Financial account
Financial transactions are to a large extent estimated starting with observed investment positions. The definitional identity employed is: opening position + transactions + revaluations = closing position.
Most of the revaluations due to exchange rate movements are estimated combining exchange rates and information on foreign currencies in use for different variables.
The household’s holiday houses abroad are estimated based on tax information. Price changes and exchange rates are estimated from information from various countries.
The non-financial enterprises and financial institutions not under supervision are based on a quarterly sample survey. This covers the major enterprises in the population and has a sample size of 500-600 enterprises. Quarterly numbers are then grossed up with figures from the annual BoP and IIP reporting that has a sample size of 3,000 enterprises. This is done by adding the enterprises only included in yearly survey to the fourth quarter and are then copied the following three quarters. These enterprises represent approximately ten percent of non-financial enterprises' total assets and liabilities.
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Not relevant
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§ 2-6 of the Statistics Act states that data under no circumstances shall be published in such a way that they may be traced back to the supplier.
§2-4 of the Statistics Act contains provisions regarding professional secrecy for the staff as well as other provisions regarding confidentiality and integrity.
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Statistics Norway has adapted the international recommendations for compiling BOP and IIP statistics and is therefore comparable with other countries' BOP and IIP statistics. Annual and quarterly current account data on a consistent form are available back to 1981 in the Statbank. Correspondingly for the financial account back to 2005. Quarterly IIP data on a consistent form are available back to 2012 in the Statbank. The data has had several changes due to the new manuals BPM6 and ESA2010 and which has led to minor breaks in the time series. Longer times series for annual IIP data are available back to 1998 based on BPM5 guidelines. Longer times series for annual and quarterly current account data are available back to 1970. Correspondingly for the financial account back to 1981. For the period 1994 - 2004 monthly data for both current and financial account are available. An historic table for Balance of Payments is available back to 1949, see 22.8 and 22.9.
Accuracy and reliability
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The Norwegian BOP and IIP Statistics makes use of information from a great variety of statistical sources and will reflect uncertainty and errors which might appear in these sources. However, the fact that IIP is a logical system within an even larger logical system of the National Accounts, it is possible to carry out a range of consistency checks to counterbalance the initial collection and then processing errors of the primary sources.
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Preliminary quarterly and annual figures are revised until final annual figures are published (in August/September year t+2). See Administrative information, Frequency and timeliness.
In addition, periodical main revisions give revised figures. A main revision of the BoP time series were conducted in December 2014 with the implementation of the new manuals Balance of Payments and International Investment Position (BPM6) and European system of national Accounts (ESA2010). The BoP financial account has revised its time series back to 2005.
Contact
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Håvard Sjølie
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Linda Wietfeldt
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Mats Kristoffersen