;2011;2016;2016;2016; Total;Total;Males;Females; Total;3999434;4265963;2140607;2125356; Below upper secondary education;1108171;1124832;572397;552435; Upper secondary education;1638641;1599911;854124;745787; Tertiary vocational education;;120468;78502;41966; Higher education, short;838283;990743;404592;586151; Higher education, long;261827;401253;217481;183772; Of this:;;;;; Ph.D.;24842;43777;25670;18107; Unknown or no completed education;127670;28756;13511;15245; ;Per cent;Per cent;Per cent;Per cent; Below upper secondary education;28.6;26.5;26.9;26.2; Upper secondary education;42.3;37.8;40.2;35.3; Tertiary vocational education;;2.8;3.7;2.0; Higher education, short;21.7;23.4;19.0;27.8; Higher education, long;6.8;9.5;10.2;8.7; Of this;;;;; Ph.D.;0.6;1.0;1.2;0.9;